Isopleth map

Isopleth maps show contour lines depicting a variable such as population. This map shows hydrogen ion concentrations throughout the U.S. It can be useful for a great number of things such as census taking, economics or business.
http://dwb4.unl.edu/Chem/CHEM869V/CHEM869VLinks/nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/isopleths/maps1998/phfield.gif

Isopach

Isopachs are contour lines showing thickness of stratum. This map shows depth of oil reserves in a northwestern town. Most of the petroleum is located in shallow offshore waters which are much easier to drill.
http://www.republicenergy.com/Articles/Barnett_Shale/Isopach_Barnett_Shale.jpg

Isohyets

Isohyets are contour lines similar to isobars but show rainfall. This map shows precipitation in Africa, areas such as the Congo receive fair amount whereas areas such as the Sahara show much less.
http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/courses/306/precip.GIF

Isotachs

Isotachs are similar to isobars but instead show areas of related wind speeds. This map shows isotach information in the U.S were wind speeds are most prevalent. Used most in meteorology they also have use when it comes to military, agricultural services and environmental issues.
http://www.comet.ucar.edu/resources/cases/c2_06dec95/gif/250ht_isotach.gif

Isobars

Isobars are lines that connect areas of similar pressure on a map. It is often used in meteorology and is useful to help indicate areas of high and low pressure. This is an isobaric map of Europe and show two areas of particularly importance regarding pressure.
http://z.about.com/d/german/1/0/1/J/aWetteurfronts.jpg

LIDAR

Light detection and ranging is simply a remote sensing technology that uses lasers and is similar to radar. This is a projection of Manhattan that has topographic data included to show what affect sea-level rise would have on the city.
http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/images/manhattan-lidar092701.jpg

Doppler radar

Doppler radar is radar that uses doppler effects to produce visibly, data from a distance. This is most often used in meteorology. This picture shows hurricane Frances as it crosses central Florida. The worst spots are indicated by red, medium level rains in yellow and light rain in green.
http://www.weatherusa.net/blog/images/doppler-orlando-1943.gif

Black & white aerial photo

Black and white aerial photography is a form of infrared film used to filter out blue and red light spectrum's so that there is more contrast in the photo. This landscape photo shows distinctions within the land and is good for topographic data and uses include military, governmental, and agricultural applications.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAonrGFijNvyakKyIj91Gpa_I8zkhSAXWPSmq5asuuPbGGeY1VbNhBs3_G5b4eLwrmXv7jjgyGpw9Z11amweVnJKkOutJQhvnmBkmT82rx_cMgwmcu5LfaOd5_uV88408s2t2R_kGSsXyh/s400/Black+and+White.jpg

Infrared aerial photo

Infared aerial photos are photos taken from an aerial view using technology that transfers heat waves that objects give off into pictures. This is a photo from a farmland. Photos like these can be transmitted into cartographic data that can be helpful to show cropland depletion, irrigation problems, deforestation, erosion etc.
http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/data_library/gis_data/aerial_photos/1994_illinois_river_72dpi/la_grange/187-013-lg-1994.jpg

Cartographic animations

A cartographic animation is a series of maps conveying data within a period of time. This animation shows the Indonesia tsunami in 2004. It is helpful to show exactly how things happen, the period of time within they happen, and a real time affect of natural occurrences. They are used in meteorology and several other disciplines.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiznjef78AM9gFeq7U7CQijd92jZeAdfM6mEbSjH1HKvtTwMal47rMlCjaR2SZlDbIgaONPTw1BAUlhBYcQbDnT9dlM0rjNFB3rbhQPyKvTBwfzLahi5hf0M4ybMuK-rg1s5HuJRP6s-MS9/s1600-h/2004_Indonesia_Tsunami_100px.gif